Sierra de Grazalema natuurpark - Cadiz, Spain

Sierra de Grazalema is een, door de Unesco als biosfeerreservaat erkend, natuurpark in het noord-oostelijk deel van de provincie Cadiz en in het noord-westelijk deel van de provincie Malaga. Het is een beboste bergketen met een hoogte die varieert van 250 tot 1.654 m.

Meer naar het zuiden toe loop de Sierra de Grazalema over in een ander natuurpark: los Alcornocales

(nog even in het engels)

Grazalema natural park covers 51,695 hectares and is among the areas of greatest ecological importance in the south of the peninsula, and therefore of great significance in Spain as a whole. Its a special protection area for birds.

It has the highest rainfall in the Iberian Peninsula, with an annual average of over 2,000 litres per square metre, and is the most important western massif of the Subbetica range. Its heavy rainfall and limestone terrain have created a limestone landscape rich in slopes, grottoes, caves and winding gorges.

The central part of Sierra de Grazalema, between the towns of Grazalema, Benamahoma and Zahara de la Sierra, and called Sierra del Pinar, is an important forest of Spanish firs, considered a vegetational relic of the tertiary period. Here you can find the famous Garganta Verde. Its main activities are centred on woodcutting and cattle farming (in some cases using wild stock). Industrial activities include the manufacture of woolen shawls and leather products; other sources of income are tourism, hunting and recreational fishing.

Initial eco-development experiments and other development initiatives have been carried out here. Human presence in the area dates back to the Palaeolithic period and today, one of the main objectives in its management is to strike a balance between human activity and the natural environment.

Flora of Grazalema natural park

The finest Spanish pine grove in the country, a vegetational relic of the tertiary period, a veritable living fossil which only grows at altitudes of over 1,000 metres, is to be found in what is known as the Sierra del Pinar (Pine Grove Mountain Range). The rest of the Park’s vegetation, clearly Mediterranean in type, includes large areas of holm-oak woods. Cork oak, gall oak and pine groves are also to be found. Carob trees, wild olives and barberries also feature, along with riverside woods and thick scrub.

Fauna of Grazalema natural park

One of the largest nesting colonies of tawny vultures in Europe is to be found here. Several species of eagle can be seen: the golden eagle, Hieraetus fasciatus, Aquila heliaca, Hieratus pennatus and Circaetus gallicus. Other birds such as the goshawk, the Egyptian vulture and owls also inhabit the Park. One of Europe’s largest bat colonies can be found here. Mammals include genets, wild boar, stags and deer.

Towards the south Sierra de Grazalema flows into yet another natural park: los Alcornocales.